Reform


 * EXPLORE THIS THEME BROADLY AND IN DEPTH, FROM THE COLONIAL PERIOD TO THE PRESENT, PULL IN SPECIFIC EXAMPLES, AND CREATE A STUDY GUIDE FOR YOUR CLASSMATES: **

**Reform ** Diverse movements focusing on a broad range of issues, including anti-slavery, education, labor, temperance, women’s rights, civil rights, gay rights, war, public health, and government. __[__//I would also include Populism and Progressivism, the New Deal and other "deals," the Great Society and other attempts to use government as a instrument of reform.// //.//]

- Paxton boys—rebellious - Committee of correspondence-- letter system about how to rebel (rather than speaking   - 1st continental congress-- pet in Philadelphia, complete boycott of English goods, 12 of 13 colonies meet    - 2nd continental congress-- debate over warfare and what will be fought for (equal rights and representation in England)--> George Washington becomes leader    - shay's rebellion-- farmers rebel against taxes    Jefferson vs. Hamilton:    - Jefferson in favor of French    - Hamilton in favor of British    - Hudson River School-- first art school    -     Market Revolution (1820s - Women's rights starts to take shape-- cult of domesticity - Railroads-->labor unions - Lowell Mills- young women worked and lived in factories (factory homes)-- own society. Antebellum Period - Seneca Falls Convention (1848)-- women's rights William lloyd harrison, sojourner truth, frederick douglas, grimke sisters, harriet tubman-- **anti-slavery ** - Utopian Societies: o New Harmony o Fourier Community o Brook Farm § Authors § plain living and high thinking - Shakers o Simplicity o women are equal to men o elaborate services)   - Mormons    o Midwest    o joseph smith    o polygamy    o women are not equal to men    - Oneida Community    o complex marriages    o women have some power but not as much as men    Second great awakening    - perfectionism    - temperance (1826) and education movements    - Magdellan society- discourage prostitution    - Horace Mann (1837)- establish state board of education. modernize and universalize education    - Dorothea Dix- mission to improve mental institutes    Political Parties:    - Republican    - National Republican    - Democrat    - Whig    o Pro-economic growth, pro-using the government to promote economic growth    o Use government money to improve internally    o Want to use government to require education, abolish slavery, and prohibit alcohol    o Use government to make country more moral    Civil War Era:    - Confederate vs. Union    - Trench warfare - Abolitionists Reconstruction - Freedman’s bureau- provide clothing and education to freed slaves - Scallawags vs. Carpet Baggers o Scallawags- Southern, farmers o Carpet Baggers- Northern, industrial à rich o Scallawags are angry that carbet baggers are successful but they aren’t - Plessy vs. Ferguson—separate but equal - 13th Amendment—no more slavery - 14th—civil rights and citizenship to blacks - 15th—blacks get right to vote - KKK, Knights of the Rising Sun, Knights of the White Camalia, White League, etc. Gilded Age - Hard money à specie - Big business corruption - Greenbacks- support paper money - Gold bugs- gold standard - Nativist movement - American Federation of Labor - Unions are illegal - Pullman Strike - Knights of labor - Homestead strike - Gospel of wealth - Urbanization, Industrialization - Robber Barons - Grange—1st farmer union à Populist Party - Cleveland—common man president (like Andy Jackson) Imperialism - Pragmatism - National prohibition party - Social Darwinism o survival of the fittest o lower class didn’t like it   - Christian Missionaries to convert people o Philippines o Hawaii - Open Door Policy o Teddy Roosevelt o Block out foreign trade and “spheres of influence” in China - Chinese Exclusion Act - Victoria Woodhull—free love - Charlotte Perkins—economy - National American Women Suffrage Organization - Ida B Wells—created NACW - Carrie Nation—For prohibition - Post War Writing o Dime Novels o Rags to Riches (Horatio Alger) Progressive Era - Social Gospel—rich people (Carnegie)—give money away when you die.